Nature volume 198, page614(1963)Cite this article
Abstract
A PRECISE method of chronic implantation of large electrodes into brain structures is to locate the generator of a signal and then to place the electrodes in a manner which will record the maximum electrical activity. Freeman1 has developed such a method for implanting into the prepyriform cortex utilizing the electrical field produced in this area by electrical activation of the lateral olfactory tract. This method was adapted for chronically implanting bipolar electrodes into the olfactory bulb of cats.
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BOUDREAU, J., TSUCHITANI, C. Chronic Implantation of Electrodes into the Olfactory Bulb. Nature 198, 614 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1038/198614a0
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1038/198614a0
Further reading
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Computer measurements of hippocampal fast activity in cats with chronically implanted electrodes
Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology (1966)
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Computer Analysis of Electrical Activity in the Olfactory System of the Cat
Nature (1964)
https://www.nature.com/articles/198614a0
https://www.nature.com/articles/198614a0
ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE OLFACTORY BULB DURING WAKEFULNESS AND SLEEP 1
R. HERN.~NDEZ-PE6N, M.D., 2 A. LAVIN, M.D., C. ALCOCER-CUAR6N, M.D. -° and J. P. M.ARCELe,b M.D.
with the technical assistance o~ R. MoRrso Institute of Physiology, University of ConcepciSn, Chile
(Received for publication: January 19, 1959)
The classical assumption that sensory per- ception results from selection and integration at the cortical level of the arriving afferent signals relayed from the receptors impinged upon by external stimuli, has been challenged by the recent finding that in the conscious animal the size of sensory evoked potentials is modified as far down as second order sensory neurons, according to the attentive state of the animal. Auditory evoked potentials at the cochlear nucleus are reduced or abolished when the cat attends to visual, olfactory or somatic stimuli (Hernfindez-PeSn, Scherrer and Jouvet 1956). In a similar manner, photic evoked activity of the retinal ganglion cells (recorded at the optic tract) is diminished when the cat seems attentive to acoustic, ol- factory (Hern~mdez-PeSn, Guzmhn-Flores, Alcaraz and Fern~ndez-Guardiola 1956, 1957), somatic, or selected visual stimuU (Palestini, Davidovieh and Hern~ndez-PeSn 1959). It has been suggested (Hernhndez-PeSn 1955) that this subcortical sensory suppression of relatively insignificant signals during atten- tion is produced by descending centrifugal inhibitory influences coming from the reticular system of the brain stem which is known to be involved in wakefulness and arousal. In fact, electrical stimulation of the reticular substance of the brain stem results in suppres- sion of sensory evoked activity at the spinal cord (Hagbarth and Kerr 1954), at the spinal fifth sensory nucleus (Hernfindez-Pe6n and
1This work was supported by a grant from the Consejo de Investigaci6n Cientifica, Universldad de Concepci6n, Chile. 2Present address: Oepartamento de Fisiologla, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de M6xico (Mexico City).
Hagbarth 1955), at the gracilis nucleus (Her- nhndez-Pe6n, Scherrer and Velaseo 1956), and at the retinal ganglion cells (Granit 1955a; Hernfindez-PeSn, Scherrer a~ld Velasco 1956). Although enhanced perception of attend- ed stimuli is known to accompany s~lppression of other stimuli out of the span of attention, our information concerning centrifugal facil- itatory influences acting upon low(.r levels of sensory pathways during attention is meager. The striking finding of bursts of rhythmic activity in the olfactory bulb of awake eats (the magnitude of which was related to the degree of alertness of the animal), indicated the existence of a centrifugal activating in- fluence upon that structure (Lavia, Aleoeer- CuarSn and tIern~ndez-PeSn 1959. Obvious- ly, several questions arose conch,ruing the origin, central regulating meehalfisms, and probable functional significance of that activ- ity. Therefore, the "spontaneous" electrical activity of the olfactory bulb du~'ing wake- fulness and sleep was studied in ,n attempt to clarify some aspects of this ~:entrifugal activating mechanism.
~ATERIAL AND METHODS
Thirty-five adult cats were used in this study. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, elec- trodes were implanted with the aid of a stereo- taxic instrument in the olfactory bulb, in the septal area in the vicinity of the a~,terior com- missure, and in the meseneephalic reticular formation. Multipolar electrodes were used for simultaneous exploration of different layers of the olfactory bulb, and bipolar elec- trodes for other brain structures. The former [
